在多細胞生物體中，細胞間的連接對于維持組織結構完整性、實現物質選擇性轉運和信號傳遞至關重要。其中，緊密連接（Tight Junctions, TJs）作為一種特化的細胞間連接復合體，構筑了關鍵的生理屏障。而Claudin蛋白家族，正是構成這些緊密連接的核心組分。
Claudin蛋白在皮膚、消化道、呼吸道、腎臟以及血腦屏障等多種組織中廣泛分布。它們協同作用，確保生理屏障既能有效阻隔有害物質（如病原體、毒素）的跨細胞間隙滲透，又能精準調控水、離子及小分子的選擇性通透，從而維持內環境的穩態。
Claudin蛋白是一類四次跨膜蛋白，其N端和C端均位于細胞質內。它們通過細胞外環區與相鄰細胞膜上的Claudin分子相互作用，形成線性的纖維狀結構，即“緊密連接鏈（Claudin strands）”。這些連接鏈緊密融合相鄰細胞的質膜，有效封閉了細胞間的間隙，從而構成了物理屏障的骨架。
Claudin蛋白結構示意圖 [1]
目前，人類基因組中已鑒定出至少27個Claudin家族成員（Claudin-1至Claudin-27）。盡管同屬一家族，但不同Claudin蛋白在組織分布、表達水平及其在緊密連接中的具體功能上存在顯著差異，使其能夠適應不同組織的生理需求。
Claudin蛋白的核心功能主要體現在兩方面：
Claudin蛋白通過形成連續的細胞間"密封"結構，有效阻止水溶性分子、離子和微生物在細胞間隙的自由滲透。這對于維護各器官內部環境的獨立性和穩定性至關重要，例如腸道屏障阻止有害物質進入循環系統，血腦屏障則保護中樞神經系統免受血液中潛在有害物質的侵擾。
除了阻隔作用，特定的Claudin蛋白還能形成納米級的"旁細胞水性孔道（paracellular pores）"，介導離子和小分子在細胞間隙的選擇性轉運。Claudin成員的種類和組合決定了這些孔道的電荷選擇性和大小選擇性，從而實現對鈣、鎂、鈉、氯等離子的精確重吸收和分泌，對維持機體的水鹽平衡和物質代謝具有關鍵作用。
正是由于Claudin蛋白在構建和調控生理屏障中的核心作用，其功能或表達的異常與多種疾病的發生發展密切相關。因此，Claudin蛋白家族已成為生物醫學研究的重要焦點，被廣泛關注。
研究表明，Claudin蛋白的失調與多種人類疾病（如癌癥、炎癥性疾病、代謝疾病和感染）存在關聯。鑒于其在病理生理過程中的關鍵地位，Claudin蛋白不僅為深入理解疾病機制提供了重要線索，也展現出作為診斷標志物和潛在藥物靶點的巨大潛力。針對Claudin蛋白的功能調控有望為多種頑固性疾病的治療帶來創新策略。
Claudin 蛋白在不同組織和器官中的表達模式存在顯著差異。深入理解這些特異性的表達模式對于研究者選擇合適的陽性對照、準確解讀實驗結果以及探索 Claudin 蛋白的生理功能至關重要。
表 Claudin 蛋白在主要人體組織/器官中的表達特征
| 組織 / 器官 | 主要表達的 Claudin 成員 | 功能特點 |
|---|---|---|
| 皮膚 | CLDN1, CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN11 | 構建表皮屏障，防止水分流失和病原入侵 |
| 肝臟 | CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN5 | 維持肝細胞極性，參與膽汁分泌屏障 |
| 腎臟 | CLDN2, CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN8, CLDN10, CLDN16, CLDN19 | 調控離子選擇性重吸收與屏障功能 |
| 腸道 | CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN15 | 平衡屏障完整性與營養/離子旁細胞通透 |
| 肺 | CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN5, CLDN18.1 | 維持氣道及肺泡上皮屏障 |
| 胃 | CLDN18.2, CLDN18.1 | 胃黏膜上皮特異性表達 |
| 腦（血腦屏障） | CLDN5, CLDN3 | 構建高電阻內皮屏障，限制物質入腦 |
| 睪丸 | CLDN3, CLDN5, CLDN11 | 形成血-睪屏障 |
| 乳腺 | CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN7 | 維持導管上皮極性與分泌功能 |
| 胎盤 | CLDN1, CLDN4, CLDN5 | 調控母胎界面物質交換屏障 |
Claudin 家族的不同成員被證實與多種疾病的發生發展密切相關，這使得它們成為極具價值的生物標志物和潛在的治療靶點。下表總結了 Claudin 成員與主要疾病的關聯，旨在幫助您快速識別與您研究方向相關的靶點。
表 Claudin 家族在不同疾病中的表達
| 疾病類型 | Claudin成員 | 表達 | 參考文獻 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
乳腺癌
|
CLDN1 | ↓（降低） | [2] |
| CLDN2 | ↑（升高） | [3] | |
| CLDN4 | ↑ | [4] | |
| CLDN7 | ↓ | [5] | |
| CLDN8 | ↑↓（表達變化不一致） | [6][7] | |
|
結直腸癌
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [8] |
| CLDN2 | ↑ | [9] | |
| CLDN3 | ↑ | [10] | |
| CLDN4 | ↑ | [9] | |
| CLDN6 | ↓ | [9] | |
| CLDN18 | ↑ | [9] | |
|
胃癌
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [11] |
| CLDN3 | ↑ | [12] | |
| CLDN4 | ↑ | [13] | |
| CLDN5 | ↑ | [17] | |
| CLDN6 | ↑ | [14] | |
| CLDN7 | ↑ | [15] | |
| CLDN9 | ↑ | [52] | |
| CLDN18.2 | ↑ | [16] | |
|
肺癌（包括非小細胞肺癌）
|
CLDN1 | ↓ | [18] |
| CLDN2 | ↑ | [19] | |
| CLDN3 | ↓ | [20] | |
| CLDN5 | ↓ | [21] | |
| CLDN6 | ↓ | [22] | |
| CLDN7 | ↓ | [23] | |
|
肝細胞癌
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [24] |
| CLDN3 | ↓ | [25] | |
| CLDN5 | ↓ | [26] | |
| CLDN9 | ↑ | [27] | |
| CLDN11 | ↓ | [28] | |
| CLDN14 | ↓ | [29] | |
| CLDN17 | ↑ | [30] | |
|
宮頸癌
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [31] |
| CLDN12 | ↓ | [32] | |
| CLDN18 | ↑ | [33] | |
|
肝纖維化
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [34] |
|
腎癌
|
CLDN3 | ↓ | [35] |
| CLDN4 | ↓ | [36] | |
| CLDN7 | ↓ | [37] | |
| CLDN8 | ↓ | [38] | |
| CLDN10 | ↑ | [39] | |
|
卵巢癌
|
CLDN1 | ↓ | [40] |
| CLDN3 | ↑ | [41] | |
| CLDN4 | ↑ | [42] | |
| CLDN5 | ↓ | [43] | |
| CLDN7 | ↑ | [44] | |
|
甲狀腺癌
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [45] |
|
胰腺癌
|
CLDN1 | ↓ | [46] |
| CLDN4 | ↑ | [47] | |
| CLDN18.2 | ↑ | [48] | |
|
前列腺癌
|
CLDN1 | ↑ | [49] |
| CLDN3 | ↑ | [50] | |
| CLDN4 | ↑ | [50] | |
| CLDN5 | ↑ | [51] |
Claudin 領域正處于快速發展階段，多個家族成員作為極具前景的治療靶點和診斷標志物而備受關注。以下是目前活躍研究中的幾個關鍵靶點和領域：
CLDN18.2 是一種在正常胃粘膜上皮細胞中高度特異性表達的 Claudin 蛋白，而在正常組織中表達極低。然而，它卻在胃癌和胰腺癌等多種惡性腫瘤中普遍存在高表達，使其成為一個理想的腫瘤特異性靶點。這一獨特的表達模式賦予了 CLDN18.2 巨大的應用潛力，尤其是在嵌合抗原受體 T 細胞（CAR-T）療法和抗體偶聯藥物（ADCs）等新型癌癥免疫治療領域。
查看 CLDN18.2 相關產品CLDN3作為緊密連接關鍵組分，不僅參與維持上皮細胞極性與屏障功能，還在調控基因轉錄、細胞增殖分化、代謝及免疫微環境等方面發揮多維作用。其在腫瘤中的作用復雜且高度依賴組織背景：在肝癌中通過抑制Wnt/β-catenin-EMT軸和調控膽汁酸代謝發揮抑癌作用；而在肺腺癌、結直腸癌及卵巢癌中則異常高表達，激活PI3K-Akt、ERK或JNK/AP-1等通路促進惡性進展。這種"抑癌-促癌"雙重特性使其成為需精準匹配適應癥的重要靶向干預節點。
查看 CLDN3相關產品CLDN4在正常組織中表達受限，卻在胰腺癌、胃癌、卵巢癌等多種惡性腫瘤中顯著上調，具有高度腫瘤選擇性。其參與調控細胞極性、信號傳導及耐藥機制，已成為熱門的免疫治療靶點。目前，靶向CLDN4的雙抗藥物ASP-1002已進入臨床開發階段，展現出良好的安全性和初步療效，有望填補難治性實體瘤的治療空白。
查看 CLDN4相關產品CLDN6在成人正常組織中幾乎不表達，但在多種癌癥（如睪丸癌、子宮內膜癌、肺癌）中重新激活，具備理想腫瘤特異性抗原特征。因其在"免疫冷腫瘤"中的高表達，CLDN6成為激活抗腫瘤免疫應答的重要突破口。ADC、CAR-T細胞療法及雙特異性抗體等前沿技術正加速推進CLDN6靶向治療，多項臨床管線已展現初步療效。
查看 CLDN6相關產品CLDN9是緊密連接蛋白家族中研究較少但極具潛力的成員。近期研究發現，CLDN9在胃癌組織中呈現特異性高表達，且與腫瘤侵襲性增強及不良預后顯著相關。其在正常組織中表達受限，賦予其良好的治療窗口。隨著對其在胃癌發生發展中作用機制的逐步揭示，CLDN9正成為抗體類藥物差異化布局的新方向，有望為胃癌精準治療提供全新選擇。
查看 CLDN9相關產品華美生物提供覆蓋 27種Claudin家族成員的完整科研工具，包括高純度重組蛋白、經多平臺驗證的抗體以及高靈敏度ELISA試劑盒，助力從基礎機制到轉化應用的全鏈條研究。無論您聚焦 CLDN18.2、CLDN6 等熱門靶點，還是探索其他 Claudin 成員的生物學功能，我們都為您準備了可靠、高效的實驗解決方案。
| Target | Code | Product Name | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cldn1 | CSB-EP005490RA1 | Recombinant Rat Claudin-1 (Cldn1), partial | E.coli |
| CLDN1 | CSB-CF005490HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-1 (CLDN1) | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| CLDN1 | CSB-MP005490HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-1 (CLDN1)-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN1 | CSB-CF005490HUd7 | Recombinant Human Claudin-1 (CLDN1) | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| Cldn1 | CSB-CF005490RA | Recombinant Rat Claudin-1 (Cldn1) | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| CLDN3 | CSB-EP005505HU1a6 | Recombinant Human Claudin-3 (CLDN3), partial | E.coli |
| CLDN3 | CSB-CF005505HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-3 (CLDN3) | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| CLDN3 | CSB-MP005505HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-3 (CLDN3)-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN4 | CSB-MP005506HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-4 (CLDN4)-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN4 | CSB-CF005506HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-4 (CLDN4) | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| CLDN4 | CSB-MP005506HU-D | Recombinant Human Claudin-4 (CLDN4)-Detergent | Mammalian cell |
| Cldn5 | CSB-CF867513RA | Recombinant Rat Claudin-5 (Cldn5) | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| CLDN6 | CSB-CF005508HU | Recombinant Human Claudin-6 (CLDN6), partial | in vitro E.coli expression system |
| CLDN6 | CSB-MP005508HU(A4) | Recombinant Human Claudin-6 (CLDN6)-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN6 | CSB-MP005508HU(A4)f4 | Recombinant Human Claudin-6 (CLDN6), Fluorescent-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN6 | CSB-MP005508HU(A5)-D | Recombinant Human Claudin-6 (CLDN6)-Detergent (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN6 | CSB-MP6148GKN | Recombinant Chlorocebus sabaeus Claudin (CLDN6)-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| Cldn6 | CSB-MP3347MO | Recombinant Mouse Claudin-6 (Cldn6)-VLPs (Active) | Mammalian cell |
| CLDN6 | CSB-BP005508HU(A5) | Recombinant Human Claudin-6 (CLDN6), partial | Baculovirus |
| CLDN6 | CSB-MP005508HU2 | Recombinant Human Claudin-6 (CLDN6), partial-VLPs | Mammalian cell |
| Target | Code | Product Name | Tested Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA001656 | CLDN1 Antibody | WB, IHC, IF, ELISA |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA070223 | CLDN1 Antibody | WB, ELISA |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA005490GA01HU | CLDN1 Antibody | ELISA |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA983237 | CLDN1 Antibody | ELISA, WB, IHC |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA909627 | CLDN1 Antibody | ELISA, WB, IHC |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA781428 | CLDN1 Antibody | ELISA, WB, IHC |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA133727 | CLDN1 (Ab-210) Antibody | ELISA, WB |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA442054 | CLDN1 Antibody | ELISA, WB, IHC |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA005490LA01HU | CLDN1 Antibody | ELISA, IHC, IF |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA005490LB01HU | CLDN1 Antibody, HRP conjugated | ELISA |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA005490LC01HU | CLDN1 Antibody, FITC conjugated | N/A |
| CLDN1 | CSB-PA005490LD01HU | CLDN1 Antibody, Biotin conjugated | ELISA |
| CLDN2 | CSB-PA070222 | CLDN2 Antibody | WB, IHC, ELISA |
| CLDN2 | CSB-PA979246 | CLDN2 Antibody | ELISA, IHC |
| CLDN2 | CSB-PA051134 | CLDN2 Antibody | ELISA, IHC |
| CLDN2 | CSB-PA118188 | CLDN2 Antibody | ELISA, WB, IHC |
| CLDN2 | CSB-PA005500ESR2HU | CLDN2 Antibody | ELISA, IHC, IF |
| CLDN3 | CSB-PA001661 | CLDN3 Antibody | WB, IHC, IF, ELISA |
| CLDN3 | CSB-PA007223 | Phospho-CLDN3 (Y219) Antibody | WB, IHC, ELISA |
| CLDN3 | CSB-PA007225 | CLDN3 Antibody | WB, IHC, ELISA |
| Target | Code | Product Name | Detection Range | Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLDN1 | CSB-EL005490HU | Human Claudin-1(CLDN1) ELISA kit | 15.6 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL | 3.9 pg/mL |
| CLDN2 | CSB-EL005500HU | Human Claudin-2(CLDN2) ELISA kit | 23.5 pg/mL-1500 pg/mL | 5.86 pg/mL |
| CLDN3 | CSB-EL005505HU | Human Claudin-3(CLDN3) ELISA kit | 25 pg/mL-1600 pg/mL | 6.25 pg/mL |
| CLDN4 | CSB-E17961h | Human Claudin 4 (CLDN4)ELISA Kit | 6.25 pg/mL-400 pg/mL | 1.56 pg/mL |
| CLDN5 | CSB-EL005507HU | Human Claudin-5(CLDN5) ELISA kit | 31.25 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL | 7.8 pg/mL |
| CLDN5 | CSB-EL005507MO | Mouse Claudin-5(CLDN5) ELISA kit | 18.75 pg/mL-1200 pg/mL | 4.68 pg/mL |
| CLDN7 | CSB-EL005509HU | Human Claudin-7(CLDN7) ELISA kit | 15.6 pg/mL-1000 pg/mL | 3.9 pg/mL |
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