ACE2是一種重要的細胞膜受體，最新研究表明，其可能與新型冠狀病毒（COVID-19）的感染有關。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，ACE2是新型冠狀病毒進入人體細胞的關鍵蛋白質(zhì)，因此ACE2可能成為COVID-19的治療和預防的重要靶點。

Essential counter-regulatory carboxypeptidase of the renin-angiotensin hormone system that is a critical regulator of blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and thus cardiovascular homeostasis. Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a nine-amino acid peptide with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, which then acts as a beneficial vasodilator and anti-proliferation agent, counterbalancing the actions of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Also removes the C-terminal residue from three other vasoactive peptides, neurotensin, kinetensin, and des-Arg bradykinin, but is not active on bradykinin. Also cleaves other biological peptides, such as apelins, casomorphins and dynorphin A. Plays an important role in amino acid transport by acting as binding partner of amino acid transporter SLC6A19 in intestine, regulating trafficking, expression on the cell surface, and its catalytic activity.

1. ACE2 significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide- induced lung injury and suppressed inflammatory response.AEC2 attenuates acute respiratory distress syndrome by inhibiting ERK/NF-kappaB activation in the lung. PMID: 27302421
2. Activation of ACE2 had a protective role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in rat model via improving the function of pulmonary arterial endothelium. This effect was potentially mediated by promoted NO release as a consequence of increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 and dephosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495. PMID: 29146157
3. These results suggest that insufficiency of hypothalamic ACE2 is associated with hypertension in SHR rats. PMID: 28423630
4. ACE inhibitory peptide IRW could contribute to its antihypertensive activity through increased ACE2 expression and decreased proinflammatory genes expression in mesenteric arteries. PMID: 26016560
5. the relationship between ACE and ACE2 activity, left ventricular function and gender in spontaneously hypertensive rats, was determined. PMID: 26010093
6. ACE and ACE 2 are expressed in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and rebalanced by ACE inhibitor captopril PMID: 25768373
7. In experimental ischemic stroke, cerebral cortex and striatum ACE2 increased in the 1st 24 hr. Serum ACE2 activity decreased within 4 hr post-stroke, but reached higher than baseline levels after 3 days. PMID: 25941346
8. The study showed that both ACE and ACE-2 are overexpressed in the cardiac and renal tissues of animals with heart failure as compared with their sham controls. PMID: 25217176
9. aortic constriction results in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and a rise of cardiac ACE expression. PMID: 25575522
10. Activation of ACE2 has a beneficial effect in hyperglycaemic rats, improving the cardiac electrical function. PMID: 24741027
11. The increase in Ace mRNA levels was higher than that of Ace2 mRNA levels.Together, these data suggest that the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis is the dominant axis in severe kidney injury PMID: 24781988
12. Thus we may draw the conclusion that TIIA may exert protective effects on BLM induced PF in rats, and the ACE-2/ANG-(1-7) axis may ascribe to those protective effects. PMID: 24782646
13. Ace2 expression is upregulated in insulin-sensitive tissues following high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. PMID: 24558317
14. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 overexpression attenuates inflammation in rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID: 24417403
15. Hepatic ACE2 expression markedly increased in rats with high fat diet-induced NASH and was further upregulated by pioglitazone. PMID: 24114819
16. Long term AT2 receptor activation increases renal ACE2 activity, attenuates AT1 receptor function and decreases blood pressure in obese Zucker rats. PMID: 23823602
17. ACE2 activation by resorcinolnaphthalein improved endothelial function and suppressed neointimal formation in the prevention of severe PAH by the mechanism of mediating the levels of the components of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID: 23652350
18. Enalapril decreases cardiac ACE levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID: 23706365
19. Intimal thickening after balloon injury is linked with reduced expression of ACE2.Valsartan can inhibit the intimal thickening possibly by upregulating ACE2 and Ang(1-7) and downregulating AT(1). PMID: 23141017
20. In rats with chronic kidney disease, renal ACE2 deficiency and lack of activation of cardiac ACE2 may contribute to progression of cardiac and renal tissue injury. PMID: 22198016
21. Apigenin reduces blood pressure in SHR rats by upregulating ACE2 in the kidney. PMID: 21351633
22. The coronary vasoconstriction observed in diabetic rats was unchanged by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation. PMID: 22286369
23. Data suggest that strategies that do augment angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) after myocardial infarction (MI) may be a useful addition to standard renin-angiotensin system blockade after MI. PMID: 22715807
24. Data suggest that jejunal enterocyte protein and mRNA expression of ACE2 and Mas receptor are up-regulated in type 1 diabetes. PMID: 22811473
25. The expressions of ACE and ACE2 mRNA in lung tissue of the rats with paraquat poisoning are decreased. PMID: 20465954
26. Activation of intrinsic cardiac ACE2 by oral XNT (1-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-9H-xanthen-9-one) treatment protects the heart against diabetes-induced dysfunction. PMID: 22595130
27. results demonstrated that activation of ACE2 by continuous injection of resorcinolnaphthalein prevented the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension through improving early endothelial dysfunction PMID: 22613639
28. culating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 increased ninefold in diabetic females and threefold in diabetic males PMID: 22378820
29. ACE-2/ACE protein expression ratio was also disrupted with a significant reduction in adjuvant arthritis animals. ACE-2 has been found to provide negative feedback of renin-angiotensin system and protection of the heart and kidneys. PMID: 21053061
30. ACE2 inhibits myocardial collagen accumulation and improves LV remodeling and function in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. PMID: 22340266
31. ACE2 overexpression in the paraventricular nucleus has beneficial effects in counteracting Ang II-induced hypertension. PMID: 21952934
32. Data highlight the importance of increased expression and subsequent interaction of ACE2 and nNOS within the paraventricular nucleus, leading to a reduction in sympathetic outflow in congestive heart failure. PMID: 21963832
33. Results demonstrate that mouse and rat ACE2 are less sensitive to inhibition by DX600 than human ACE2. PMID: 21880865
34. Feeding flavonoid-rich blueberries to spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats lowers blood pressure via inhibition of ACE2 activity. PMID: 21186379
35. Irbesartan can increase ACE2 mRNA expression in diabetic rat myocardium. PMID: 20584672
36. Ang-(1-7) Mas receptors and AT2 receptors in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons play role in mediating tonic maintenance of renal sympathetic nerve activity. (Angiotensin 1-7) PMID: 16027241
37. The attenuated counterbalancing effect of Ang-(1-7) on baroreflex function is lost in older rats, which may be attributable to diminished production of the peptide from neprilysin. (Angiotensin 1-7) PMID: 16009784
38. Findings suggest that the transactivation of -converting enzyme 2 and the reduction in brain angiotensin II are ERalpha dependent. PMID: 21536991
39. Panax notoginseng saponins can stimulate ACE2 to inhibit the expression of TNF-alpha and enhance antioxidation in rats with post-myocardial infarction-ventricular remodeling. PMID: 20518313
40. ACE2 inhibition increased thrombus weight by 30% and XNT treatment resulted in a 30% attenuation of thrombus formation in the SHR. ACE2 activation attenuates thrombus formation and reduces platelet attachment to vessels. PMID: 20111697
41. renal ACE2 is not altered in the SHRSP and TGR(mREN2)27 genetic rat models with established hypertension. PMID: 19927150
42. The downregulation of ACE2 mRNA and protein expression in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by endotoxin may play an important role in pathogenesis of acute lung injury. PMID: 18926065
43. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (Ace2)is an essential regulator of heart function. PMID: 12075344
44. Enhanced renal expression of ACE2 during pregnancy. PMID: 12874086
45. Upregulation of ACE 2, through increased conversion of Ang II into Ang-(1-7) may counterbalance the vasopressor effects of ACE that are mediated by Ang II formation. PMID: 15007027
46. ACE2 is a constitutive product of adult-type Leydig cells and may participate in the control of testicular function by as yet unknown mechanisms. PMID: 15231706
47. These data represent the first report of ACE2 and angiotensin-(1-7) expression in the aorta and carotid arteries of SHR rats PMID: 15833808
48. ACE2 activity and mRNA level are highest in the ileum and kidney compared to other organs. PMID: 15949646
49. The modulatory role of angiotensin-(1-7)in the transcriptional regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by angiotensin II suggests a complex interplay between these peptides that is mediated by distinct receptor systems. PMID: 16176966
50. ACE2 and ACE are coexpressed in numerous rat tissues, and their increased activity in the lung of FR30 rats may participate in hypertension programming. PMID: 16203874

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[Processed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]: Secreted.; Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cytoplasm. Cell projection, cilium. Apical cell membrane.

Peptidase M2 family

Expressed in heart, kidney and forebrain. In testis, expression is restricted to Leydig cells. In heart, expressed in endothelial cells from small and large arteries, arterial smooth muscle cells, and myocytes (at protein level). Ubiquitously expressed, w

KEGG: rno:302668

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000047913

UniGene: Rn.230337