Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins.

1. Inhibin is a novel paracrine factor for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. PMID: 29535220
2. HIF1A and EPAS1 potentiate hypoxia-induced upregulation of INHA expression in human term cytotrophoblasts in vitro. PMID: 28115494
3. There is genetic heterogeneity regarding the INHA gene in different populations, and among the causes of premature ovarian insufficiency. The G769A variant was found in only one patient in the Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Group and in no control, and it appears to be rare in Brazilian patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. PMID: 29091146
4. Inhibin-alpha gene is transcriptionally silenced in human leukemia cells. In addition, mutations in, and expression levels of, the inhibin-alpha gene differed between human lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells. PMID: 28260095
5. Results suggest that high expression levels of alpha-inhibin and beta-glycan transcripts in secretory phase endometrium are associated with a lower chance of achieving pregnancy with in vitro fertilization. PMID: 27628954
6. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin-A (INH-A) levels were found to be significantly higher in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) group compared to the controls. PMID: 27125339
7. Immunostaining allowed the identification of specific cell types with E-cadherin, p53, and inhibin-alpha expression in all cases. PMID: 26683836
8. Each follicular fluid (FF) was individually aspirated and FF/serum EG-VEGF, inhibin-a, and FF IGF-1 levels were evaluated. The pregnant group was characterized by increased numbers of WVFs (p = 0.044), a WVE (p = 0.022), and increased levels of FF IGF-1 (p = 0.001) and serum EG-VEGF (p = 0.03). PMID: 27484063
9. The Sertoli cell hormones inhibin-B and anti Mullerian hormone have different patterns of secretion in prepubertal cryptorchid boys. PMID: 26452703
10. Aberrant methylation and common genetic variation in the INHA promoter occur in human adrenocortical carcinoma and are associated with decreased INHA expression. PMID: 25111790
11. the correlation between placental DNAm of INHBA/FN1 and maternal serum INHA/FN1 levels indicate that DNAm may be a useful tool to identify novel biomarkers for adverse pregnancy outcomes in some cases. PMID: 26654447
12. The present study did not find an association between INHA-124A>G and -16C>T and the risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). For the 769G>A mutation, Asian women with the 769A allele were found to be susceptible to POF. PMID: 25445105
13. Inhibin alpha-subunit, Melan A and MNF116 were not sensitive for pheochromocytomas. PMID: 25329118
14. Inhibin alpha gene expression in human trophoblasts is regulated by interactions between TFAP2 and cAMP signaling pathways. PMID: 25358080
15. For INHA gene c.-124G>A, males carrying c.-124GG genotype and c.-124GA genotype showed an increased risk of non-normozoospermic syndrome. PMID: 25617520
16. Maternal serum inhibin-A levels were significantly higher in pregnancies with fetal Hb Bart's disease. PMID: 24107149
17. Serum inhibin levels correlate with clinical characteristics and mortality in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. PMID: 24599287
18. When two variant alleles of inhibin alpha gene promoter are combined, the c.-16C>T and c.-124A>G polymorphisms are associated with increased primary ovarian insufficiency risk in Korean women. PMID: 24269065
19. Data suggest placentation (here, placenta basal plate surface area) and maternal serum PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) are significantly lower and maternal serum INHA is significantly higher in pre-eclampsia than in control subjects. PMID: 23756051
20. Data indicate that fallopian tube and the epithelial component of Brenner tumours (BTs) expressed AKR1C3 and androgen receptor, but the tumour stromal cells showed strong expression of calretinin, inhibin and steroidogenic factor 1 in the majority of BTs. PMID: 24012099
21. Serum inhibin B was significantly higher in breastfed adolescent males than in their peers. PMID: 23836275
22. Serum inhibin A level might be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of preeclampsia PMID: 21535305
23. located in the syncytiotrophoblast and the intermediate trophoblast of the placenta during early pregnancy; no remarkable findings in placentas of pathological gestations PMID: 23724521
24. inhibin alpha had a diagnostic role, differentiating between the adrenocortical and adrenomedullary neoplasms. Inhibin/activin beta might play a predictive role for malignant potential in pheochromocytoma. PMID: 22417854
25. the inhibinalpha gene is transcriptionally silenced in human gastric cancer cells PMID: 22581369
26. Inhibin alpha subunit staining is not detected in any of the major anatomical regions of the human brain. PMID: 22296042
27. A subset of primary mixed or acinar and mucin-producing acinar carcinomas (10%) and large-cell carcinomas (22%) expressed inhibin-alpha. PMID: 22585605
28. Expression of transcription factors controlling alpha inhibin gene expression in placental tissues from pregnancies affected by fetal Down syndrome. PMID: 22430733
29. This is the first report of immunoreactivity for inhibin-alpha and synaptophysin in synovial sarcoma PMID: 22055401
30. Human amniotic fluid activin-A and inhibin-A are involved in biological processes linked to intra-amniotic infection/inflammation-induced preterm birth. PMID: 21992678
31. The inhibin-alpha -16C/T and -124A/G polymorphisms are genetic factors associated with the prevalence of premature ovarian failure in Korean women. PMID: 21785376
32. Inhibin alpha-subunit N terminus interacts with activin type IB receptor to disrupt activin signaling. PMID: 22267736
33. GRP94, FN14, and inhibin have roles in brain and non-brain metastases in ErbB-2+ and ErbB-2- breast neoplasms PMID: 21708117
34. Inhibin pro-alphaC is produced by the adrenal gland. Differentiation between adrenocortical adenoma (ADA) and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) by serum inhibin pro-alphaC is limited, but its levels may constitute a novel tumor marker for ACC. PMID: 22127493
35. Inhibin A enhances bone formation during distraction osteogenesis. PMID: 21809377
36. Inhibin bodies are a new marker for immature Sertoli cells. PMID: 21707703
37. study showed that inhibin A was an important predictable marker of preeclampsia PMID: 21252475
38. Data show that inhibin A levels were significantly lower in the PCOS group compared to the control group, and inhibin B levels were comparable in the two groups. PMID: 21529351
39. Our data support the hypothesis that elevated second trimester maternal serum levels of total hCG and/or inhibin-A may result from premature accelerated differentiation of the villous cytotrophoblasts. PMID: 21388678
40. Inhibin-alpha subunit expression in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and endometrial cancer cell lines: a potential prognostic factor. PMID: 21174065
41. The PAX2(-), PAX8(-), and inhibin A(+) profile supports the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma with a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and positive predictive value of 100%. PMID: 21263247
42. Increase in Inhibin A is associated with breast cancer. PMID: 21115906
43. analysis of the evolutionary origin of the inhibin alpha-subunit, a unique TGFbeta superfamily antagonist PMID: 20209104
44. Report serum/synovial fluid activin A and inhibin A levels in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and knee ostoearthritis. PMID: 20704626
45. in the inhibin alpha gene is strongly associated with premature ovarian failure in Indian patients. PMID: 19324345
46. The data suggest that, in humans, inhibin is secreted by Sertoli cells into the seminiferous tubules and then travels towards the efferent ducts, where it is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. PMID: 20188029
47. DNA hypermethylation of the inhibin alpha-subunit gene in prostate carcinoma PMID: 11818495
48. Patients affected by premature ovarian failure for the missense mutation (769G-->A transition) in the exon 2 of the INHalpha gene. PMID: 12093833
49. findings suggest that inhibin A is a specific marker of early pregnancy loss before the onset of the clinical symptoms of recurrent miscarriage PMID: 12456605
50. To determine which cell types in the testes may produce inhibin B, the localization of the two subunits of inhibin B was examined in adult testicular biopsies with normal spermatogenesis, spermatogenic arrest, or Sertoli cell only tubules. PMID: 12493718

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Secreted.

TGF-beta family

Originally found in ovary (granulosa cells) and testis (Sertoli cells), but widely distributed in many tissues including brain and placenta. In adrenal cortex expression is limited to the zona reticularis and the innermost zona fasciculata in the normal g

HGNC: 6065

OMIM: 147380

KEGG: hsa:3623

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000243786

UniGene: Hs.407506